gas depletion factor(arXiv:2105.10988)

 

arXiv:2105.10988  [pdf, other] 

 

astro-ph.CO

A test of the evolution of gas depletion factor in galaxy clusters using strong gravitational lensing systems

Authors: R. F. L. Holanda, Kamal Bora, Shantanu Desai

Abstract: In this letter, we discuss a new method to probe the redshift evolution of the gas depletion factor, i.e. the ratio by which the gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters is depleted with respect to the universal mean of baryon fraction. The dataset we use for this purpose consists of 40 gas mass fraction measurements measured at r2500 using Chandra X-ray observations, strong gravitational lensing sub-samples obtained from SLOAN Lens ACS + BOSS Emission-line Lens Survey (BELLS) + Strong Legacy Survey SL2S + SLACS. For our analysis, the validity of cosmic distance duality relation is assumed. We find a mildly decreasing trend for the gas depletion factor as a function of redshift at about 2.7σ. This is the first result in literature which does not find a constant gas depletion factor as a function of redshift using gas mass fraction measurements at r2500.


conclsn: 

In this letter, we have explored a possible time evolution of gas depletion factor, using a sample of 40 galaxy clusters with their X-ray gas mass fraction obtained in spherical shells at radii near r2500. The analyses were performed by using the gas mass fraction measurements in conjunction with sub-samples of strong gravitational lens systems and the cosmic distance duality relation validity. The depletion factor was modelled assuming g(z) = g0(1 + g1z), and we found a mild evolution at 2.7σ, i.e. g1 = −0.15 ± 0.055 (see Fig. 4). This estimate is obtained by calculating an error-weighted average by combining the different values in Table I, which contain the results for each of the sub-samples. Our method did not use the Planck cosmological results on Ωb/ΩM, as in previous works in this area. This is the first work in literature which finds a non-negligible evolution of the gas depletion factor using gas mass fraction measurements at r2500. This result is in tension with results from hydrodynamical simulations. Moreover, our results also reinforce the need for segregating the lenses into low, intermediate and high velocity dispersions, and analyzing them separately. The mass-sheet degeneracy in the gravitational lens system (see [49] and references therein) and its effect on our results also could be explored as an interesting extension of this work. It is important to comment that the method discussed here can be used in a near future with data set from the X-ray survey eROSITA [50], that is expected to detect ≈ 100,000 galaxy clusters, along with followup optical and infrared data from EUCLID mission, Vera Rubin LSST, and Nancy Grace Rowan space telescope, that will discover thousands of strong lensing systems.

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